The shock brought to you by special glass

Special glass usually refers to the glass with special functions or special uses formed by using refined, high-purity and new raw materials, new technologies, new equipment and new processes, and through the action of special conditions such as light, electricity, magnetism, heat and biochemistry, in addition to flat glass and daily utensils. At present, the research and development level of special glass materials has become one of the indicators of its excellent development level.



In 2017, the capacity utilization rate of China's flat glass industry was only 69%. After the state introduced a number of measures to "curb overcapacity", it rose slightly to 73.8% in 2018, slightly improved, but still lower than the international experience value of 81% ~ 82% normal level. The development and market problems of special glass have become another new basis for enterprise innovation by marching into high-end, green and service industry through technological innovation. During the 13th Five Year Plan period, the development of new material industry will promote the transformation and upgrading of building materials industry, which is of great benefit to solving overcapacity and improving productivity.



In China, the preparation technology and application fields of special glass are as follows:



1. Preparation technology of windshield and side window glass of high-speed EMU



China has developed new series of test and verification methods and equipment and formed standards, which provides technical support for guiding the design and preparation of glass structure of new models, established supporting production lines for whole vehicle glass, and developed reliable verification methods for high-speed bird impact and hard object impact tests; In order to deal with the escape of emergency, test methods and equipment are developed and standards are formulated. The detection and evaluation technology of windshield and side window has been formed, and the supporting production line of whole vehicle glass has been built. The high speed rail cars have been one belt, one road, one CRH380, CRH350 and other high-speed EMU. They play an important role in promoting the healthy development of high-speed railway and providing support for the implementation of the "one belt and one way" strategy and the promotion of high-speed rail construction and technology export.



2 sandwich solar mirror technology



Reflector (CSP condenser reflector) is the core component of solar thermal power concentrator. Its preparation technology is monopolized by a few foreign companies with high technical barriers. Driven by the market demand for green energy development in China, the Institute of building materials has developed a new sandwich mirror different from foreign countries. It is made of 1.1mm high-strength and high reflection ultra-thin silver mirror and 3 ~ 4mm back plate glass, with a reflectivity of more than 94%. The sandwich mirror has strong wind pressure resistance and small elastic deformation under wind load, which can effectively reduce the influence of mirror jitter on the focusing effect; The back paint of the reflector can prolong the service life in the strong ultraviolet environment under the protection of the back plate. The integrated technologies of precise hot bending molding, ultra-thin glass chemical reinforcement and special interlayer and edge sealing have been optimized to form a complete set of preparation technology and mass production capacity of sandwich solar mirrors. The product has strong market adaptability and can be used in slot type, dish type, tower type, Fresnel type, concentrating photovoltaic and other photothermal power generation systems, with broad market prospects.



3. Complete preparation technology and series products of large-size and highly uniform optical quartz glass



Quartz glass has excellent properties. It is an ideal window and lens material in aerospace, aviation, nuclear technology, optical detection and other fields. Because of its sensitive application field, foreign countries impose a technical blockade and high-end product embargo on China. The Institute of building materials has invented vertical chemical vapor deposition to prepare quartz original mound, and developed technologies such as high-temperature homogenization remelting, precision annealing and related testing, forming a complete set of technologies and equipment with independent intellectual property rights. The uniformity of mass production reaches 2.1 × 10-6 quartz glass, made of Φ 600mm lens and Ф The 1400m mirror has been applied in aerospace, nuclear technology, laser and other fields. In addition, ultra pure quartz glass substrate with full spectral transmission characteristics is also developed, which is resistant to cosmic ray irradiation, low UV transmittance, high visible light transmittance and radiation filtering UV resistant quartz glass products. It has been applied in high-precision inertial navigation system and Shenzhou spacecraft, Chang'e satellite, Beidou navigation system, etc.



Preparation and coating technology of 4 series infrared transparent glass



As windows and lenses, infrared glass is widely used in infrared detection and thermal imaging technology. Due to the sensitive use of the products, foreign countries have imposed a technical blockade and an embargo on high-end products. The Institute of building materials has made a number of inventions and technological innovations in the formulation design of multispectral glass, vacuum melting process and molding technology, formed a series of infrared glass products such as calcium aluminate, germanate and sulfur series, and can coat the glass surface with functional films such as Infrared Antireflection, hard protection and electromagnetic shielding. The overall technology has reached the world advanced level. Build a R & D platform and batch preparation capacity of a series of infrared transparent glasses.



5 preparation technology and application of light metal surface vitrification



The beryllium coated glass has excellent thermal conductivity and optical properties on the surface of light and special metal beryllium coated glass. The mirror is the core component of the scanning mirror of infrared remote sensing camera, which is mainly used in high-end Aerospace optical remote sensing camera. The large aperture mirror has been successfully applied to satellites such as resource-1 04, remote sensing 14 and remote sensing 28. The comprehensive performance has reached the international advanced level after user evaluation, indicating that China has become the third country in the world with this technology except the United States and Russia, and has built the only large-area glass and light metal laminated high-tech development platform in China.



6 lightweight high strength functional aviation glass technology



By integrating the key glass processing technologies such as special-shaped hyperboloid hot bending, chemical tempering and electric heating coating, the aviation glass with the largest single chip area (1.15m2) and the thinnest thickness (9mm) in China is prepared, and combined with the frame of carbon fiber composite material, the overall weight is greatly reduced. It has been applied in a variety of helicopters.